Method of lining tubes.



W. BURHNGHAM'. METHOD OF LINING TUBES. APPLICATION mad MAR. 23. 1915.

Llfififlao Y Patented 15% 28, 1915.

Lam

WITNESSES INVENTO m iwwaw k x PM 1 I i l t. Ill.

WILLIAM BURLINGHAM, F NEWPQB a N8, -VII&QEFNIA, ASSIGNOB; GEONE-IZ-llhlldi E li:

JOSEPH BRIGGS WEAVER, 0h HEW/PORT NEWS,

METHOD O13 LINING TUBES.

wanna-ammo Application filed March 328, 1915.

'heretofore employed, it has been generally the practice to effect theunion of the lining with the outer tube by means of a mandrel orcylindrical or conical block, which is drawn 0r dragged through saidlining, expanding the same and forcing it into contact with the tube,fluid pressure being in some instances thereafter employed to completethe expansion of the lining member and it being also sometimes necessaryto employ tracks, drums and Winding and supporting apparatus for theexpanding device, all of which are dispensed with in my device. Thesemethods and devices of the prior art are unsatisfactory, for the reasonthat the contiguous surfaces of the lining member and the outer tube arenot in practice intimately pressed into contact with each other, so thatall the interstices on the inner periphery of the outer tube arecompletely filled and engaged by the outer surfaces of the liningmember, and furthermore, the lead lining is at times drawn apart by thefriction of the mandrel during its progression therethrough. In addition, the expanding mandrel of the prior art is frequently of suchdimensions or shape that it is very difficult in practice to employ thesame to line a curved pipe. In addition, it has heretofore beengenerally deemed impractical to line a tube With material other thanlead pipe, but by my novel method, I am enabled to line an outer tubewith any malleable metal lining desired, my invention furthemore beingapplicable to linings of any desired diameter. M

For the purpose of obviating the cusadvantages ofthe prior arthereinbefore' enumerated, I have devised my novel method of liningtubes, which in its broad aspects can be carried out in the desiredmanner by various mechanisms, the lining member after having been placedin position Within the outer tube having every portion of the outersurface thereof hammered into close and intimate Contact with. the contiguous surface of the outer pipe by ham- Specification of LettersPatent.

lPa'tented Dec. 2%, Haiti,

Serial no. 18,063.

mering blows impacting thereon at substantially a right angle to theaxis of the tube, as contradistinguished from being merely outwardlypressed against the inner periphery of the tube, as in the prior art,whereby all the depressions, cavities and interstices of said outer pipeare fully and com pletely filled bythe outer molecules of the innermalleable lining member, said molecules being hannnered into intimaterelation and engagement with the contiguous surface of the outer tube,as distinguished. from prior devices wherein the lining member is merelypressed against the outer tube by the progression of a conical or othershaped block or mandrel.

my invention, various types of mechanism may be employed, but 1preferably employ a plurality of expanding heads or hammer- In carryingout the broad features of ing members, which are vibrated with greatrapidity by a reciprocating piston, and which may be advanced orretracted or reciprocated step by step and step b, step expanded orspread apart Within t e entire. length of the tube to be lined, so thatby the successive, advancing reciprocations and successive-impacts ofthe hammering devices, the latter will rapidly, progressively andsimultaneously expand. and smoothly hammer out the lining within andthroughout the entire length of the tube, so that the contiguoussurfaces of the latter and said lining will be pressed into intimatecontact with each other and all cavities, depressions and interstices onthe inner surface of the outer tube will be completely filled by thelining member.

F or the purpose of illustrating my invention, i have shown hereincertain forms thereof which are at present preferred by and the liningtherefor. Fig. 2 represents a central, longitudinal, sectional elevationof" the tool represented in Fig. 1. Fig. 3 represents an end elevationof the hammer head' of the' tool of 'Figs. 1 and 2. Fig. represents'inperspective, one of the vibratory hammer heads the tool removed thereSimilar numerals. of'reference indicate corresponding parts in thefigures.

In carrying out the broad steps of my invention, it will be apparentthat various forms of mechanism may be employed, as stated, and I do notdesire to be limited to any particular type of apparatus or pneumaticpercussive tool for this purpose. I

i have, however, devised a pneumatic percussie implement havinghammering members and their adjuncts of a novel construc tion, whereinthesteps of my novel process can be satisfactorily and eilicientlycarriedout, the detailed description and manner of operation hf which 1sas follows Referring to the first three figures of the drawingm-ldesignates the casing', cylinder, body or barrel pr" a pneumatic percussion tool, preferably formed with a series of outer longitudinal grooves2, which on tend radially inward in its preferably cylindrical wall. 3is an enlarged threaded bore, which forms the inner chamber ofthe'casing.

'lhroughout a portion and preferably about midway of its length, thecasing is enlarged to" form a circumferential internal chamber l, whichterminates forwardly at a shoulder 8, beyond which and at about itsouter end, the bore of the cylinder is con-; tracted to form the outerchamber 6, which conforms to the external diameter of the piston orplunger 7, the internal end of which plunger is formed with acircumferential outwardly extending piston '5 adapted in the outwardreciprocation of the plunger to encounter the shoulder 8 of the casingchamber 4: and limit the forward stroke of the plunger.

contains three chambers of different diameters, the inner chamber 3,which 13 merely a convenient enlargement of the bore, the

middle chamber 4; and the outer chamber 6,

Within the two latter of which the plunger is containedand reciprocates,and, subject to the limit imposed by the shoulder or piston 5 and stop8, has its outward movement.

Within the inner chamber 3 of the casing is a threaded head 9, the frontface of which is preferably formed with a cup or recess 10 facing towardthe hollow interior 11 of the plunger, and which forms a stop to limitthe inward movement of the said plunger.

iaeaoee pipe and is clamped against the inner end 7 of the casing by anut 14: upon the threaded inlet pipe. The head 6 is formed with an.external. peripheral groove or channel 15, which by means of radialchannels 17, dommunicates with the hollow bore 16 of the inlet pipe 12.

18 designates a longitudinally extending port formed in the casing,leading from the circumferential channel 15" of the head 9 forwardly tothe circumferential inlet 19 of the casing, and opening into the middlechamber 4i within the casing and between it and the plunger, into thehollow interior 11 of which it communicates by ports 20, so thatcompressed fluid entering the inlet'pipe will pass into the hollowinterior of the plun 'er to cause its propulsion forward from the head 9to-the limit of movement which the shoulder 5 and stop 8 permit.

Within the walls of the longitudinal grooves 2 in the outer periphery ofthe casdug in the-construction represented in Figs.

a compact spheroidal external surf-ace wilL.

be readily understood from Figs. 1 and 3, and their dimensions andgeneral contour may be varied or modified so long as their assemblageretains a substantially conical form whlch facilitates the introductionand passage of the implement into and through the, tube lining.

The hammer heads 22 are formed with I j conver 'in inner wals 24 whichcoact with It Wlll now be understood that the casing D b l the outer orforward tapered end 25 of the plunger, the impact of the latter on saidwalls imparting arapid vibratory movement'to said hammering heads. Theform of the resilient shanks of a given hammer head is not essential,although I prefer'to make them of suflicient proportions to fit withinthe longitudinal external groove 2 of the casing. These grooves.however, may be dispensed with and in Fig. 5, I have shown anotherconstruction in which the shanks merely contact with the exterior of thecasing, the longitudinal grooves being. dispensed with, saidshanlzsbeing; solely dependent for their proper positioning upon andwith respect to the casing upon the devices by which in l'iothconstructions 1 pro for to connect them with the tool and which areconveniently the following-26 are of? sets, or inwardly bent inner endsof the shanks, which are extended rearwardly longitudinal tonaues $271,the outer faces of which may be convex and located within a flanged cap28 threaded upon the inlet pipe and secured by an outer nut 29, whichclamps the oii set portions of said shanks against an inner nut on theinlet pipe.

31 designates the tuhe to be lined, and 32 the lining therein.

The pneumatic percussion tool illustrated and described oi thewell-known Choteau val eless type, but may he of any other convenientconstruction in" which the hammering piston or plunger is not only, inthe manipulation or movement oi the tool itself, rapidly step by stepadvanced, but also rapidly reciprocated.

In its operation the motive fluid flows through the inlet pipe and theports or. channels in the tl'u'eaded head to the ports or channels whichultimately open into the plunger. so as to cause the latter toreciprocats with great rapidity, and-cause its conical outer end tostrike the inner converying surfaces of the hammer heads to expand thelatter with great rapidityand almost instantaneous successivenessagainst the lining within the tube 31, to beat or hammer it outwardlyradially or at substantially a,

right angle to the axis of the tube and thereby hammer every portion ofthe outer periphery of the lining into all the cavities. depressions andinterstices of the contiguous inner wall of the tube to be lined.

When. the ports in the plunger are uncovered at the. extremity of itsoutward stroke, the fluid behind and within the plunpgcr will exhaustbetween the hammer heads and escape through the tube and the pressure ofthe motive liuid against the shoulder of the piston 5 will cause thereturn stroke of the plunger, as will be apparent to those skilled inthe art.

The spring shanks 21 of the, vibrating hammers 23 being ofsul'ricientresiliency, will cause the hammer heads to'spring in wardlytoward the axis of thetool, when the tapering outward end of the rapidlyreciprocating plunger recedes frdm between their converging innersurfaces, and, as explained, the rapidly repeated impacts of thetapering end of the plunger will cause the hammer heads to vibrate withgreat rapidity, their external conical surface-s striking hard hammeringblows against the lining.

Should the hammer heads, their shanks or their oil-set tongues, break orthe shanks lose their elasticity, the rear nut 29 can be, unscrewed andthe cap 28 he removed from.

-pneu1natic tools and other means oi actuathe tongues c the that any orall oil: the res-i. i i can be readily removed and replace outdismantling; or disturbing any oi. meat of the tool.

It will he apparent from the s view in Fig. ,6, that the result pacts ofthe han'miering blows which exerted upor the lining member 352 rad orsuhstai iallya right am thereof, will be to force eve the molecules ofthe outer peiip lining member 32 into close and ii 'a contact with theinner wall the outer 31, indicated at 33, so that a tube by my processand apparatus will no far greater advantages than can be by any of themethods or apparatus p rior art, wherein the lining member is simplypressed outwardly against the contigjious surface of the tool.

it will further be apparent that by invention, any malleable lining canmered in position in a quick and cite of any diameter can be readilyuuiclrly lined by the application thereto of ef method and apparatus, myinvention he equally capable of adaptation to our tub-es, which haveheretofore been great di'lliculty, By the employment of steps of mymethod and my novel implem herein described, and by manually or or wisead amine: and retracting the implement during the hammering operationincident to lining a tube, every portion of the outer periphery of thelining member will be hammered into close and intimate con-- tact withthe contiguous inner wall of the tube, as is evident.

It will be apparent that tie exact contour of the han'unering heads maybe slightly changed without departing! from the spirit of my inention,and the precise ma or of securing the inner ends of the resilient shanksiii position may be varied, according to requiiiunents,and that othertypes of ing the hanunering piston may be employs and while I have shownmy present .inren tion as adopted to a. yal'veless pneumatic tool, thesame may be employed with equal facility in a pneumatic tool wherein oneor more distribution Valves are employed.

It will further be apparent that in carrying out the broad principles ofmy invention, it is not necessary for. the resilient shanks 21 to belocated within longitudinal grooves in the body of the implement, as thesame canbe merely placed around the outer periphery of said body, itbeing, however, preferable in every instance that the ham mering' heads22 when in their closed or shaped outer hammering surfaces assume asnearly as possible the cylindrical, conical or acornsubstantially ascontour, shown, so as to efiectually hammer the iming member inposition.

J l. preferably provide the hammering heads 22 with inwardlyconvergii'ig-,'walls ill, as will be understood from- 3, but the shapeand configuration of said inwardly converging walls .can obviously beslightly de artedfrom, if desired.

y: invention is differentiated from devices which have been employed toexpand the ends of-tubes or lines into a tube sheet,

sinccsuch devices are applicable only to the endiof the tube, whereasone salient feature of my device is the capability of the inn odily toand fro within the tube to be lined, throughout the entire lengththereof, simultaneously with the vibration of the hammering headsagainst the lining member, whereby the intimatecontact of the liningwith theout'er tube is effected.

So far as am aware, I am the first in the art to devise a pneumaticpercussive tool lining implement having the characteristics aforesaid,which is capable of being advanced and retracted within the liningmember so as to hammer every portion of the latter throughout its lengthinto close and intimate contact with the inner, con

vantage enumerated as desirable in the statemerit of the invei'ition andthe above de- 'scripticn, and while I have, in the present instance,shown and described preferred embodin'ients thereof which will be foundin practice to give satisfactory and reliable results, it is to beunderstood that thesame is susceptible of modification 111variou's'particulurs without departing from the spirit or scope of theinvention or sacrificing any of its advantages.

Element to be manually or otherwise moved Having thus described myinvention, what I claim as new and desire to secure by Letters Patent,is

the inner surface of the'tube by a succession I,

of impact blows thereon..- The herein described method of lining a tube,which consists in progressively expanding the lining radially outwardagainst the inner surface of said tube by a succession of rapid impactblows thereon, radially and progressively imparted to the liningthroughout its entire length, whereby an intimate union iseifectedbetween the contiguous surfaces of "the tube and lining.

The herein described method of lining a tube, which consists inprogressively expanding the lining radially outward against the innersurface of the tube by a succession of impact blows thereon, deliveredsimultaneously upon substantially every portion of theinnercircumferential contour of said lining.

4. The herein described method of lining a tube, by expanding a tubelining within and throughout the length of the tube, which consist inprogressively expanding the lining radially outward against the innersurface of the tube, by a succession of impact blows thereon deliveredsimultaneously in opposite directions upon substantially every portionof the inner circumferential contour of said lining throughout thelength of said lining.

5. The herein described process of lining 'a .tube, which consists in.causing a plurality ofimpact blows to be simultaneously andprogressively imparted in opposite directions to the inner surface oftheflining throughout its, length, at substantially a right angle toits'aX-is, whereby an intimate union is effected betweent-he contiguoussurfaces of the outer and inner members.

WII'JLIAM BURLINGHAM.

Witnesses:

H. LARKIN, K. C. Siiirson.

